South Norwalk, Connecticut.

South Norwalk is a neighborhood in Norwalk, Connecticut which corresponds to the city's Second Taxing District.

Often referred to as SoNo, the norwalk neighborhood was originally settled as Old Well, then chartered as the city of South Norwalk on August 18, 1870. The cities of Norwalk and South Norwalk were incorporated on June 6, 1913. South Norwalk underwent major redevelopment during the early 21st century, with many new apartments being constructed, often in close proximity to South Norwalk station and generally more expensive than existing housing.

South Norwalk Taxing District SoNo mall SoNo city

South Norwalk is located in Connecticut South Norwalk South Norwalk

Connecticut

United States.

The city of South Norwalk Coordinates: 41.11°N 73.42°W

Country

 United States

State

 Connecticut

County

Fairfield

City

Norwalk

Founded

August 18, 1870

Incorporated with Norwalk

June 6, 1913

ZIP code

06854

Area code(s)

Area codes 203 and 475

South Norwalk is a diverse neighborhood both from a socioeconomic and racial perspective.

The neighborhood hosts the annual SoNo Arts Festival, an event that showcases local artists, businesses, and musical acts.

The annual Norwalk Oyster Festival, sponsored by the Norwalk Seaport Association, is held at Veteran's Memorial Park, across the Norwalk Harbor in East Norwalk. Ct.

History of city of norwalk ct. 

South Norwalk and Norwalk, CT

Old Well.

The area of present-day South Norwalk developed out of a local well referred to as the "Old Well", where sailing ships would refill their water casks.[8] Said well was in service since at least 1738, when a deed referred to nearby Washington Street as "the highway that leads to ye landing place called Ye Old Well".

The well's location was depicted as east of Water Street, and about 75 feet South of Washington Street in a 1867 map by American cartographer Frederick W. Beers, although the exact location is unknown, though presumed to be near the site of Donovan’s Tavern, since sailors are said to have frequented the tavern.

The area evolved into a settlement named Old Well. after the well, and was involved in coastal trade, manufacturing, and shipbuilding, as well as having many farms with diversified crops.[8]

“Old Well was scarcely a village in those days, but rather a group of farms, and the well which gave the place its name was on Water street, near the corner of Haviland street, on the property of Eliakim Raymond, a patriarch of several Norwalk lines. His house stood at the corner of Washington and Water streets before the Revolution and was burned with rest of the town."[10]

City of South Norwalk

edit

"Norwalk was made a borough in 1836, and the village of Old Well, named from an ancient well where vessels were supplied with water, was incorporated into a city in 1868, and named South Norwalk two years afterward."[11] "South Norwalk, formerly called "Old Well" was organized a city August 18, 1870, under a charter granted by the Legislature of Connecticut, July 5 of the same year".[10] In 1873, the City of South Norwalk was incorporated within the Town of Norwalk, although it maintained its city status and retained control over its own assets.[2][12] "The 1870 charter was revised by the Legislature April 19, 1882, and the city continued its existence under this revised charter until May 27, 1897, when the Legislature approved a revised and amended charter, under which the city has since continued and worked.

Around this time, Norwalk had refused to share its water system with South Norwalk, contributing to a sense of ill will between the two cities, which would compete for economic development throughout subsequent decades.

"In the 1800s, industrialization started to take place--large factories manufacturing goods such as firearms, buttons, shoes, cloth and hats were increasing in Connecticut and in Norwalk. Workers came up from Chesapeake, Maryland, to work as oystermen. Wealthy owners and managers of businesses lived on Golden Hill overlooking South Norwalk. Immigrants came into Norwalk from many places. One of the largest [group] to come here in the early 1900s was the Hungarians; there were also many Eastern European Jews and Italians, among others."

Horse-drawn trolleys began serving South Norwalk in the 1860s, until being upgraded to electric trolleys in 1894.

Industrialization in South Norwalk resulted in the city becoming a center for local industry, hosting its own railroad station, the Norwalk Harbor, an electric trolley system, its own water company, electric company, and well-developed school system.

Consolidation into Norwalk ct.

Despite the industrialization of South Norwalk, various economic forces pressured the city South Norwalk to merge into Norwalk, as both cities were often too small independent of one another to host large industries.[

South Norwalk was hesitant to consolidate into Norwalk, due to South Norwalk's industry surpassing that of Norwalk.

South Norwalk, alongside East Norwalk, even tried to leave the Town of Norwalk altogether in 1902, with South Norwalk's mayor Mortimer M. Lee touting that South Norwalk had "a large water system, a splendid electric light plant, a separate sewer system, a public library and a library building and schools second to none".

 In 1903 the Connecticut State Legislature passed a bill to create an independent Town of South Norwalk, but it was vetoed by then-governor Abiram Chamberlain.

As a compromise, Norwalk allowed for South Norwalk, East Norwalk, and Rowayton to join Norwalk as taxing districts, allowing them to largely maintain their own municipal services while within Norwalk.

Within Norwalk

A street scene along a portion of Washington Street, part of the South Main and Washington Streets Historic District created in 1977

Further information: History of Norwalk, Connecticut

In 1935, South Norwalk's trolley system was discontinued, and replaced by a bus service.

South Norwalk began suffering from a period of deindustrialization in the 1950s, as many industries, including Norwalk's sizable hat industry, either went into decline or relocated out of New England. This industrial decay led to the enactment of various urban renewal projects beginning in the 1960s, namely, the demolition of older buildings and factories along western Washington Street to build new offices, a shopping center, and low-cost housing.

The Norwalk Redevelopment Agency planned to continue this effort in the 1970s, with plans to replace the older buildings along eastern Washington Street, but were thwarted by local residents, who successfully got the buildings added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

In 1988, the Maritime Aquarium was opened in a disused factory building.

During the 21st century, South Norwalk has seen a period of redevelopment centered around the construction of new apartments, many of which are located near South Norwalk station.

Norwalk ct Geography.

Administratively, the Norwalk Second Taxing District, synonymous with South Norwalk, is bordered by Route 1 (locally signed as Connecticut Avenue) to the north, and the Norwalk Harbor and the Norwalk River to the east.

 The neighborhood's southern border runs from Windsor Place to Neptune Avenue, up against the Norwalk River, and the neighborhood's western border runs from Windsor Place up to Connecticut Avenue.

Norwalk ct Demographics.

All of South Norwalk is represented by the 06854 ZIP Code, which also includes some areas to its south and west.

 As of 2020, the ZIP Code has an average family income of $74,597, slightly below the Connecticut average of $79,855; the poverty rate is 14.5%, higher than the Connecticut total of 9.8%; 34.2% of the population has a Bachelor's degree or higher, below the state total of 40.0%; the ZIP code has an employment rate 65.4%, higher than the Connecticut total of 61.7%; 22.0% of the population lacks health care coverage, significantly higher than the state total of 5.1%; 22.5% of the population is under 18 years old, slightly higher than the state total of 20.6%; the average household size is 3.25, slightly higher than the state total of 3.08.

The SoNo Collection

Main article: The SoNo Collection

The SoNo Collection is a 700,000 square foot mall located next to Interstate 95 and Route 7 that was opened in October 2019. It was built by Brookfield Properties and is the fourth mall in the Fairfield County. It features southern Connecticut’s only Nordstrom and Bloomingdales’s.

National Register of Historic Places

Emergency services

The Norwalk Police Department is located at 1 Monroe St. near the heart of SoNo. The Norwalk Fire Department currently operates two Fire Stations in or near South Norwalk:

Station Two- Headquarters, 121 Connecticut Ave

Station Five, 23 Meadow St.

Present Day

Corner of Marshall and North Water Streets

Corner of Marshall and North Water Streets

 

Maritime Condo Building

Maritime Condo Building

 

Mural outside Donovan's Restaurant

Mural outside Donovan's Restaurant

 

South Norwalk Train Station

South Norwalk Train Station

 

Switch Tower Museum

Switch Tower Museum

 

SONO 50, located in South Norwalk, is the tallest building in the city

SONO 50, located in South Norwalk, is the tallest building in the city

Historical

South Main Street 1919

South Main Street 1919

 

South Main Street 1887

South Main Street 1887

 

Elmwood Avenue 1912

Elmwood Avenue 1912

 

Railroad Place 1909

Railroad Place 1909

 

First United Methodist Church, West Avenue, 1922

First United Methodist Church, West Avenue, 1922

 

Norwalk River Bridge c. 1914

Norwalk River Bridge c. 1914

Fairfield County, Connecticut. The city of norwalk is 

County in the state of Connecticut, United States.

Norwalk, Connecticut,. Norwalk is 

City in Connecticut, United States.

Central Norwalk

Neighborhood in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States..

?Quien es dueño de norwalk, CT ?

Se dice que un tal Roger Ludlow no se como compró las áreas al este del río Norwalk, CT al jefe de una tribu llamada Mahackemo de los indios Norwaake (o Naramauke) eso fuè en los años del 1640. ..

?Cuando se estableció Norwalk ct como una ciudad?

Norwalk o sono se estableció en los año 1649, se incorporó com town en mes de septiembre del 1651 y tambiem le bautiò con su nombre wue viene de la de la palabra algonquina noyank , que significa "punta de tierra", o más probablemente del nombre nativo americano "Naramauke" NORWALK. CT..

La Batalla de Norwalk tuvo lugar durante la Guerra de la Independencia, y condujo a la quema de la mayor parte de la ciudad. En 1836, se creó el distrito de Norwalk, que cubría el área central de la ciudad. En 1853, el primer desastre ferroviario en los Estados Unidos ocurrió sobre el río Norwalk . Durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX, Norwalk fue una importante parada ferroviaria para el Ferrocarril de Nueva York, New Haven y Hartford . La ciudad de South Norwalk y las partes restantes de la ciudad de Norwalk se combinaron en 1910 para formar la ciudad actual. 

El Ku Klux Klan tuvo una breve presencia en Norwalk durante la década de 1920, pero rápidamente se desintegró debido a problemas internos. En 1955, varios huracanes azotaron la ciudad, causando inundaciones en el puerto de Norwalk . Durante la década de 1970, se realizaron esfuerzos para preservar históricamente South Norwalk, lo que resultó en la creación del Distrito Histórico de Washington Street . 

Renovation

 Renovation

Renovation (disambiguation).

"Remodeling" Remodeling (disambiguation).

"Renovators" The Renovators.

Renovation (also called remodeling) is the process of improving broken, damaged, or outdated structures. Renovations are typically done on either commercial or residential buildings. Additionally, renovation can refer to making something new, or bringing something back to life and can apply in social contexts. For example, a community can be renovated if it is strengthened and revived. It can also be restoring something to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding). Renovation is very common in some places. For example, there are more than twenty thousand home improvement projects every year in Hong Kong, affecting more than a million residents (population of HK is around 7.5 million in 2023).

Truman's renovation of the White House, 17 May 1950

Phases and process of renovations

The interior of a Victorian building in Lincoln Park, Chicago in the process of being renovated in June 1971. Note the elements of the edifice scattered and sorted about.

The building renovation process can usually, depending on the extents of the renovation, be broken down into several phases. The phases are as follow.

Project initiation - The beginning of the project that includes the hiring of construction and design teams, defining the scope of the work, creating a budget, and communicating the needs, expectations, and wants from both the client and building team

Existing conditions analysis - This includes measuring, drawing, and analyzing the structure to be renovated, and identifying any major issues with the project that could effect work to be done

Initial design - Beginning the design work by testing out concept ideas, designing multiple iterations of outcomes, communicating with the client, and receiving client feedback on the design to make changes

Finalizing design - Finalizing the design work by making sure the design is what the client wants, making sure the design works with existing conditions, creating a more detailed design (including specs and engineering), also could include the beginning of construction or demolition work while the design is being finalized

Construction and demolition - Starting the physical work by completing demolition needed, structural repairs needed, building new designed conditions, applying finishes, and trouble shooting any problems or unknown conditions that are brought to light during constructions 

Project finalization - The end of the project which includes turnover to the client, punch listing, walking through with the client, and verifying that project scope and expectations were met

Projects involving renovation require not just flexibility, but a plan that had been agreed upon by multiple parties. The planning process will involve feedback from financial investors of the project, and from the designer. Part of planning will also entail the collection of data for the completion of the project and then the project plan will be revised and given consent before continuing with renovations.

Technology has had a meaningful effect on the renovation process, increasing the significance and strength of the planning stage. The availability of free online design tools has improved visualization of the changes, at a fraction of the cost of hiring a professional designer. The decision regarding changes is also influenced by the purpose of basement renovation . Depending on the significance of these changes a professional may be required, especially if any changes other than cosmetic work (paint or finishes) is required. Many local codes require a professional to complete work in the built environment such as structural changes, new walls, new plumbing, or many others. Doing these changes without hiring a professional can result in health effects, safety concerns, damages, fines, and increased cost due to having to hire a professional after self-work. Most builders focus on building new homes, so renovating is typically a part-time activity for such tradespeople. The processes and services required for renovations are quite specific and, once plans are signed off, building a new home is relatively predictable. However, during renovation projects, flexibility is often required from renovation companies to respond to unexpected issues that arise. Renovations usually require all of the sub-trades that are needed for the construction of a new building.

In case of a so-called "fix-and-flip" (repair and resell) objective, an ROI (return on investment) can result from changes to fix a structural issue, to fix design flow yield, or to use light and color to make rooms appear more spacious. Because interior renovation could change of the internal structure of the house, ceiling construction, circuit configuration and partition walls, etc., such work related to the structure of the house, of course, also includes renovation of wallpaper posting, furniture settings, lighting, etc often times an interior designer is required as well.

Reasons to renovate

Homes

 Home repair

Many cities and towns have been renovated because of the devastations, such as Rovaniemi in Lapland, Finland. Video about the post-war era reconstruction of Rovaniemi in 1949.

Many people renovate homes to create a new appearance. Builders may renovate homes to enhance the home's value as a stable source of income. Homeowners often renovate their homes to increase the re-sale value and to turn a profit when selling. Homeowners may also want to add renovations that make their home more energy efficient, green or sustainable. Also, over time, a homeowner’s personal preferences and needs may change, and the home will be renovated for improved aesthetics, comfort, or functionality.

Other properties

Other types of renovations also can be initiated for similar reasons. The user or owner of a building can change which can effect the needs or wants for the space prompting a renovation. This is becoming more popular as buildings owners are renting or leasing floors or sections of the buildings to companies which have different spacial requirements than the previous users causing needed renovation. Renovations can also occur as companies increase size which could lead to needed additional retail, office, or other types of spaces. Similarly to homes other building owners could also want renovations to increased value, make the building more energy efficient, green or sustainable, or to update the building.1qSometimes shopping centres or shops are renovated to raise rent later.

Materials

Wood

Wood is versatile and flexible, making it the easiest construction material for renovations, and wood buildings can be redesigned to suit changing needs. Few homeowners or professional remodelers possess the skill and equipment that is required to alter steel-frame or concrete structures.

When looking at embodied carbon in building materials wood is often labeled as the most sustainable. This is because it sequesters carbon which if certified sustainably sourced will significantly reduce embodied carbon of buildings. This makes it a low emitting choice for a building material for an overall building and for renovations.

Forest certification verifies that wood products have been sourced from well-managed forests. Most certification programs provide online search options so that consumers can find certified products—the Certification Canada program includes a search option for all of the certification programs that are in use in Canada.

In North America, most structures are demolished because of external forces such as zoning changes and rising land values. Additionally, buildings that cannot be modified to serve the functional needs of the occupants are subject to demolition. Very few buildings on the continent are demolished due to structural degradation.

The Athena Institute surveyed 227 commercial and residential buildings that were demolished in St. Paul, Minnesota, between 2000 and mid-2003. Thirty percent of the buildings were less than 50 years old, and 6% were less than 25 years old. The four top reasons for demolition were "area redevelopment" (35%), "building’s physical condition" (31%), "not suitable for anticipated use" (22%), and "fire damage" (7%). Lack of maintenance was cited as the specific problem for 54 of the 70 buildings where physical condition was given as the reason for de

Others

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2024)

 A shop under renovation, Hong Kong. The type of dust generated depends on the material being worked on. For example, in the above photo the dust does not seem to be solely wood dust, concrete dust, metal dust or paint dust.

Adhesive

Asbestos

Asbestos#Substitutes for asbestos in construction

Cement

Concrete

Glass

Lead paint

Metals

Paint

Plasterboard

Solvent

Tools and equipment

See also: Power tool

While the type of material used will determine the composition of the dust generated, the size and amount of particulates produced are mainly determined by the type of tool used. Implementation of effective dust control measures may also play a role.

Duration: 31 seconds.

0:31

Subtitles available.

CC

Video: An angle grinder is used for cutting through a steel chain. The chain is kept under tension by a second person to avoid a blockade of the grinder. Large amounts of potentially harmful particulates (metal dust) are being generated.)

Use of angle grinder is not preferred as large amounts of harmful sparks and fumes (and particulates) are generated when compared with using reciprocating saw or band saw. Angle grinders produce sparks when cutting ferrous metals. They also produce shards cutting other materials. The blades themselves may also break. This is a great hazard to the face and eyes especially, as well as other parts of the body.

Adverse effects of power tool

Use of power tools can cause adverse effects on people living nearby. Power tools can produce large amounts of particulates including ultrafine particles.

Particulates are the most harmful form (other than ultra-fines) of air pollution There is no safe level of particulates.

Many tasks create dust. High dust levels are caused by one of more the following:

Duration: 13 seconds.

0:13

A high dust level example.

equipment – using high energy tools, such as cut-off saws, grinders, wall chasers and grit blasters produce a lot of dust in a very short time

work method – dry sweeping can make a lot of dust when compared to vacuuming or wet brushing

work area – the more enclosed a space, the more the dust will build up

time – the longer you work the more dust there will be

Examples of high dust level tasks include:

using power tools to cut, grind, drill or prepare a surface

sanding taped plaster board joints

dry sweeping

Some power tools are equipped with dust collection system (e.g. HEPA vacuum cleaner) or integrated water delivery system which extract the dust after emission.

Effects

Air quality

See also: Power tools, Particulates, Construction dust, Construction waste, and Shopping centres

Further information: Heating, ventilation, and a

Indoor

Dust

Fumes

Solvents / thinners / dours

Outdoor

Pollutants escaped from air outlet

From (not properly covered) construction waste

Health

Main article: Particulates § Health effects

Further information: Metalworking § Health effects, Health impacts of sawdust, Power tools § Health impact, Asbestos § Health impact, Concrete, Solvent, Paint § Failure, Welding, Occupational dust exposure, Brain health and pollution, and Indoor air quality

See also: Silicosis and Lead poisoning

This section 

Shops under renovation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In the US, “About 75% of homes built before 1978 contain some lead-based paint. The older the home the more likely it is to contain lead-based paint. You should assume that any home built before 1978 contains some lead.”

In April 2010 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required that all renovators working in homes built before 1978 and disturbing more than 6 square feet (0.56 m2) of lead paint inside the home or 20 square feet (1.9 m2) outside the home be certified. EPA's Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule (RRP Rule) lowers the risk of lead contamination from home renovation activities.

 It requires that firms performing renovation, repair, and painting projects that disturb lead-based paint in homes, child care facilities and pre-schools (any child occupied facility) built before 1978 be certified by EPA and use certified renovators who are trained by EPA-approved training providers to follow lead-safe work practices.

Careful stabilization of any deteriorated (peeling, chipping, cracking, etc.) paint in a lead-safe manner is also encouraged. Through authority vested in the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), lead-based-paint removal by dry scraping, dry sanding, torching and burning, the use of heat guns over 1100°F, and machine-sanding / grinding without a HEPA-filtered vacuum or a HEPA filtered dust collection system, is prohibited, as these methods have been proven to produce significant amount of lead dust during renovation, remodeling and painting.

At the end of any remodeling or repainting job, a dust test performed by an independent third-party professional is also required by HUD for "clearance". Lead evaluations are done using a method called X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), which gives a result in 4–8 seconds with a 95% accuracy at the 2-sigma level.

As of 2018, there are an estimated 37 million homes and apartments with lead paint in the United States.

Sustainability

Currently, worldwide 38% of emissions and 35% of energy use come from the building sector, including building construction and operation. This means renovations contribute to emissions and energy use of the building sector. These percentages are the largest portion of the total emissions and energy use globally. This makes buildings have the highest potential for decreasing these percentages as well as the largest need to decrease them. Renovations are also one way to do this.

Renovations decrease emissions as instead of demolishing a building just to build a new one the building is reused. Reuse of buildings is not always desirable as it is often pursued to have a building designed for the many individual and unique needs building owners have but it is not always a necessity. Renovations can take a building and make it completely different from the old building just reusing the structure, which is often the largest contributor of embodied carbon to a building. However, in order to be able to do this buildings need to be design durably and re-use. Designing for durability and reuse is designing for new buildings to be "long lasting, use-adaptable, and culturally valuable" to allow for the building to be kept for longer to minimize emissions from a complete rebuild.

Having these ideas in mind while designing new buildings significantly increases the likelihood for renovations to happen. Buildings are more likely to be torn down because they can not accommodate the new desired use then because the structure is failing. Renovations allow old buildings to fit new needs in a way that outputs less emissions than a complete tear down and construction of a new building which is often a feasible option.

Economic

This 

 Renovated church, now condominiums, Watertown, Massachusetts

Renovation has several effects on economies, including:

creating jobs

increasing spending

increasing property values

generating tax revenue during both the construction and residential phases

Construction trades,

 List of construction trades

The following is a list of trades in construction.

Bell hanger installs mechanical and electrical bell systems

Boilermaker, works in nuclear, oil and gas industry, shipyards, refineries, and chemical plants, on boilers, pressure vessels, and similar equipment.

Carpenter, a craftsperson who performs carpentry, building mainly with wood.

Among carpentry's subsidiary trades are those of cabinet maker and millworker, cladder, framer, joiner, deck builder, furniture maker, interior trim carpenter, exterior trim carpenter, siding installer, and even a coffin maker. Carpenters unions usually include drywall installer, lather (wire mesh molding), flooring installer, pile driver, millwright (machinery installer), diver, and diver tender.

Carpet layer and linoleum flooring, one who specializes in laying carpet and linoleum floor covering.

Dredger, may include Lead Dredgeman, Operator, Leverman, Licensed Tug Operator, Derrick Operator, Spider/Spill Barge Operator, Engineer, Electrician, Chief Welder, Chief Mate, Fill Placer, Operator II, Maintenance Engineer, Licensed Boat Operator, Certified Welder, Mate, Drag Barge Operator, Steward, Assistant Fill Placer, Welder, Boat Operator, Shoreman, Deckhand, Rodman, Scowman, Cook, Messman, Porter/Janitor, and Oiler.

Electrician, specializing in electrical wiring of buildings and related equipment. Electricians may be employed in the construction of new buildings or maintenance of existing electrical infrastructure, they can also install A/C and Telecommunications systems.

Elevator mechanic installs vertical lift and transporting equipment.

Fencer, a tradesperson who builds fences.

Glazier, installs glass.

Heavy equipment operator, a driver and operator of heavy equipment used in engineering and construction projects.

There are special function titles, such as Bargeman, Brakeman, Compressor operator, Elevator operator, Engineer Oiler, Forklift operator, Generator, Pump or Compressor plant operator, Signalman, Switchman, Conveyor operator, Fireman, Skiploader operator, Helicopter radioman, Boring machine operator, Boxman or mixerman, Asphalt plant engineer, Batch plant operator, Bit sharpener, Micro tunnel system operator, Pavement breaker operator, Drill Doctor, Drilling machine operator, Rotary drill operator, Canal liner operator, Canal trimmer operator, and Concrete boom pump operator.

HVAC Technician, specializes in service and repair of air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration systems.

Insulation installer. Includes application of all insulating materials, protective coverings, coatings and finishes to all types of mechanical systems. Also Hazardous Material Handler (for HazMat see Laborer).

Ironworker (or steel erector, often includes welder), erects or dismantles structural steel frames. Structural steel installation is usually crane-assisted. Workers rely on mobile, elevated platforms or scissor lifts. Ironworkers bolt the steelwork together using various tools, power tools and manual tools.

Metallic Lathers may be included in this category.

Laborer, a skilled worker proficient with pneumatic tools, hand tools, blasting, smaller heavy equipment. Laborers may also assist other tradespeople.

Landscaper, a tradesperson who specializes in landscaping (see Laborer).

Linemen, high voltage line and substation construction and maintenance trade; includes trade titles under power line technicians: Electrician, Digger Machine Operator, Groundsman (unskilled electrician waiting to enter the apprenticeship).

Mason, a tradesperson skilled variously in brick and blocklaying, concrete finishing (the placement, finishing, protecting and repairing of concrete in construction projects).

Also stonemason, marble setter and polisher, tile setter and polisher, terrazzo worker and finisher. Hod carrier is a subsidiary trade (also see Laborer).

Millwright installs various industrial equipment.

Painter, a tradesperson responsible for the painting and decorating of buildings, and is also known as a decorator or house painter.[8] Also includes Paper Hanger.

Pile driver, a tradesperson who installs piles, drills shafts, and constructs certain foundation support elements.

Pipefitter (or steamfitter), a person who lays out, assembles, fabricates, maintains, and repairs large-sized piping systems capable of enabling high-pressure flow.

Plasterer, a tradesperson who works with plaster, such as forming a layer of plaster on an interior wall or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls.

Plumber, a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for plumbing(drain systems), heating, drainage, fire fighting, potable (drinking) water or small-sized industrial process plant piping.[11]

Roofer, a tradesperson who specializes in roof construction. Roofers replace, repair, and install the roofs of buildings.

Sheet metal worker, also known as a Mechanical Worker, A person who installs Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems (HVAC), duct work, and exhaust systems for kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, furnaces, etc. They also install gas lines and gas piping to a variety of appliances in homes and different types of businesses.

Sign display worker.

Steel fixer ("ironworker" USA, also "rodbuster" USA/Australia), a tradesperson who positions and secures reinforcing bars and mesh used to reinforce concrete on construction projects.

This trade is usually included with Ironworkers.

Teamster, operator of highway trucks used to haul heavy loads on paved roadways.

Welder, a tradesperson who specialises in welding.

Among the construction trades, in most industrialized countries, each has a distinct 2-5 year craft apprenticeship education and usually once started a worker remains in a single craft and progresses through ranks of skill for the duration of their career (pre-apprentice, apprentice, and journeyman; some countries include a post-journeyman 'master' level, which in other countries is a company title like leadman, foreman, and superintendent). While not as formalized in laws as in industrialized countries, the same situation is true through craft traditions in non-industrialized countries.